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El topónimo Holanda se utiliza en referencia a varias realidades geográficas:
- Países Bajos: país que se conoce por lo general como Holanda.
- Provincia del Imperio Romano: miembro principal de la República de las Siete Provincias Unidas de Las Tierras-Bajas (1581-1795). Debido a su importancia histórica en la región, el nombre Holanda se usa frecuentemente como el nombre del país, aunque no es el nombre oficial. Sin embargo, en la época de Napoleón, en efecto, este país llevaba el nombre Reino Napoleónico de Holanda.
Origen etimológico
Holland puede probablemente venir de Holt-land, una región (probablemente) cerca de Leiden. En holandés antiguo Holt-land quiere decir algo así como tierra de madera o tierra arbolada. Otra acepción, con más base, se refiere al hecho de que "Hol" en neerlandés significa "Bajo, Hoyo, hondura", dando cuenta de la condición de la Provincia, por lo tanto "Hol-Land", significaría en Castellano: "Tierra en la hondura" o simplemente "Tierra Baja".
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Holland is a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands. Holland is a former county of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by the Count of Holland, and later the leading member of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden, 1581–1795).
North Holland and South Holland lie along the western coast of the Netherlands.
The area is today divided between two provinces of the Netherlands: North Holland (Noord-Holland) and South Holland (Zuid-Holland) that were created in 1840, and make up roughly 13% of the area of the Netherlands. A few regions that were historically Hollandic became part of other provinces as a result of reforms during the French occupation (1795-1813): Willemstad and surroundings, Biesbosch and the Land van Altena became part of North Brabant. In 1940, after the German occupation of the Netherlands, the islands of Vlieland and Terschelling went to Friesland. This was not changed back after World War II. In 1950, the island of Urk went to Overijssel (in 1986 to Flevoland). More recent territorial changes are the transfer of Oudewater, Woerden and Vianen from South Holland to the province of Utrecht, in 1970, 1989 and 2002 respectively.
The name Holland is derived from holt land ("wooded land"). Popular, but incorrect, etymology holds that it is derived from hol land ("hollow land"), inspired by the low-lying geography of both the Dutch and the English region (Holland, Lincolnshire).
North and South Holland shown together within the Netherlands
The province of Holland was the cultural, political and economic center of the United Provinces. The greatest cities of the provinces were located within the province of Holland such as Amsterdam (capital of The Netherlands), Rotterdam, Leiden, Alkmaar, the Hague (the seat of government), Delft and Haarlem (capital of Noord-Holland). Today, together with Utrecht, this group of cities form what is called Randstad Holland. From the great port cities of Holland, Dutch merchants sailed to and from destinations all over Europe, and merchants from all over Europe gathered to trade in the warehouses of Amsterdam and other trading cities of Holland. As a result, many Europeans heard of the United Provinces first as "Holland" rather than "Republic of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands". This tradition continues to this day.
From 1806-1810 Napoleon styled his vassal state, which included much of the modern Netherlands, as the Kingdom of Holland.
History
County of Holland
Holland arose as a county of the Holy Roman Empire in the 9th century. The counts of Holland were also counts of Hainaut, Flanders and Zeeland for several periods in the 13th-15th century. In 1432, Holland became part of the Burgundian Netherlands, and after 1477 of the Habsburg Seventeen Provinces.
After 1795
The formation of the Batavian Republic, inspired by the French revolution, led to a more centralized government. The dominance of Holland was reduced by an administrative reform in 1798, in which its territory was divided over several departments: Amstel, Delf, Texel, and (part of) Schelde en Maas. During the French occupation (1810-1813), Holland was divided over the départements Zuyderzée and Bouches-de-la-Meuse. After 1813, Holland was restored as a province of the Netherlands. It was divided into the present provinces North Holland and South Holland in 1840. It observed the destruction of most of Europe as a neutral nation during World War I, however it was occupied by Germany during World War II and was host to heavy fighting in the southwestern/central region as the Allies unsuccessfully attempted to push across the Rhine and into Germany during Operation Market Garden in September, 1944.
This page was last modified 16:23, 17 January 2007. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
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